The deficiency or dysfunction of orexin (hypocretin) neurons in the lateral hypothalamus causes narcolepsy, a rare neurological condition. Narcolepsy is one of the most molecularly researched sleep disorders. Narcolepsy impacts between 0.02-0.05 percent of the world’s population, according to estimates. Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy are signs of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), which are followed by sleep-wake symptoms such as hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and disrupted sleep. Type 1 narcolepsy is due to poor Brain and Nervous system (CNS) hypocretin signaling, which is distinguishable from other primary CNS hypersomnia, which appears to lie along a range of narcolepsy Type 2 to undiagnosed hypersomnia. It’s marked by extreme daytime sleepiness and a lack of muscle tone (cataplexy). The information collected affirm the view of NT1 as a hypothalamic condition involving not only sleep-wake but also sensory, psychological, mental, cognitive, biochemical, and somatic processes, as well as uncertainties about the ‘narcoleptic borderland,’ including narcolepsy form 2 (NT2). Medications are currently symptom-based, although they have seen mixed outcomes as applied to other hypersomnia’s. The diagnosis of narcolepsy is based on clinical symptoms and the exclusion of other factors of excessive sleepiness. Stimulant medications are used to treat daytime sleepiness, numb hypnotics for cataplexy, and hydroxybutyrate for both symptoms. Since narcolepsy is such an under-diagnosed condition, it’s critical for healthcare professionals and other primary health-care providers to spot unexplained daytime sleepiness early on.