Pathological
Communication
Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 9(1):
Association of adiponectin gene polymorphism and its levels with Hepatitis B Virus related disease in the population of Assam, India
Namrata Kumari*1, Bhavadev Goswami2, Manab Deka1, Priyanka Kashyap1, Morteza Kordafshari1 and Majid Khandouzi1
1Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 2Department of Gastroenterology , Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam
ABSTRACT
Despite the important role of adiponectin in the progression of pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis, few data have been col- lected from the patients with different stages of liver diseases related to hepatitis B virus infection. We have studied the role of adiponectin in hepatitis B patients. Experiments were conducted an
KEY WORDS: HEPATITIS B VIRUS, CHRONIC HEPATITIS B, TOTAL BILIRUBIN
ARTICLE INFORMATION:
*Corresponding Author:
Received 15th Feb, 2016
Accepted after revision 29th March, 2016 BBRC Print ISSN:
Online ISSN:
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Namrata Kumari et al.
INTRODUCTION
Hepatitis B virus infection is said to be one of the major public health related problems worldwide which is affect- ing approximately 350 million persons and out of which about a third gradually develop severe
However, it is important to note that the interactions between the hepatitis B virus infection and the meta- bolic factors are still remain unknown till date. A large number of clinical studies has reported that the HBV infection is closely related to the development of diabe- tes, fatty liver and other metabolic diseases. Adiponectin is found to be one of the major host factors linked to liver diseases (Marra, 2009; Kaser, 2005), including viral hepatitis (Liu, 2009; Lu, 2009).
Obesity is also now considered as a major public health problem worldwide, with significant social and psychological dimensions that have afflicted increas- ingly younger individuals and different socioeconomic groups. It is one of the most important significant of many other chronic
We carried out the investigation to find out the asso- ciation of HBV infection with metabolic characteristics which is an important facor associated with the obesity in the patients with
Adiponectin is considered recently as a described hormone which is mainly produced by the adipose tis- sue and it has proterties like
diabetic,
The role of adiponectin in the liver disease like HBV infection is still somewhat controversial and still the research is going on. Previously, to confirm the associa- tive role between adiponectin and the viral factors or liver injuries a few clinical data were reported (Kaser et al., 2005) . In our study we aimed to test the hypoth- esis about the impact of the presence of the HBV related liver disease on the serum adiponectin levels. To confirm this hypothesis we investigated the association of HBV infection with metabolic profiles in infected and non- HBVinfected subjects(case Vs control).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study enrolled the HBV infected persons which were confirmed for the HBV detective marker surface antigen (HBsAg) .The healthy controls were recruited from the O.P.D of Department of Gastroenterology Gauhati Medical College Hospital. All positive HBsAg cases were screened further for liver function tests and controls with no Obesity and HBsAg negative and anti- HCV positive were included in this study. But patients excluded from this study were with the other Hepatitis infections(HAV, HCV, HEV),Wilson disease and alcoholic liver diseases(ALD).The exclusion criteria also included
The above criteria were fulfilled by 210
After the sample collection both the 210
The body height and weight of both the cases and controls were measured and the body mass index (BMI)
was calculated by using the formula bodyweight in kilo- grams divided by the body height in meters squared. According to the rule of World Health Organization (WHO),the criteria for the population of Asia the par- ticipants were classified as normal or underweight (BMI
<23 kg/m2), overweight
In our study we have selected 3 SNPs in the adiponec- tin genes from published literature and the database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (dbSNP) at the NCBI website (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ SNP): rs2241766 (+45T>G), rs1501299 (+276G>T), rs266729 (11377C>G).
The statistical analysis wasdone by using the SPSS version 13.1 to confirm the association.For the descrip- tive analyses we calculated the values and were pre-
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sented as either a number (percent;%) or mean ± SD (standard deviation). Statistical significance levels were determined by
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The findings of demographic and biochemical analy- sis of about 210 consecutive
Table 1: The clinical and biochemical profiles of the
Data are presented as mean ±SD or n (%).The p value for significance is considered as (<0.05).
Namrata Kumari et al.
Table 2: Comparison of BMI among the case and control groups with the other clinical parameters by taking male and female separately
Table 3: The quantitative values of adiponectin (μg/ml) among the different levels of viral loads in the HBV cases
Total bilirubin, ALT,BMI,HDL and LDL were found to be significantly associated with the disease (p<0.05). From the Table 2 we can explain the viral load (log copies/ ml) and the adiponectin levels among the HBV infected persons
Adiponectin is secreted by adipocytes which has a potent
Table 4: The Genotypes and Allele Distribution of the adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms in Case (with HBV) and Control Groups (without HBV).
Table 5: The relationship between serum adiponectin levels of case Vs control and the different genotypes of SNP rs1501299 and SNP rs266729
The Adiponectin values were represented in mean± S.D among the case and control groups.
Namrata Kumari et al.
in patients with HBV infected liver diseases with dif- ferent stages (Acute, Chronic, Cirrhosis, HCC and FHF). The effect of viral hepatitis (HBV) infection on the fatty liver disease was reported unclear. Hepatic steatosis in CHB patients was associated with host metabolic factors (Yilmaz et al., 2015).
In our study, we found the associative role of serum adiponectin in the patients with HBV infection, which can be considered as an agreement with the results of previous studies, (Buechler, Wanninger, Neumeier, 2011). Also it was found that the HDL,LDL and VLDL val- ues were higher in cases than the control values. But only the HDL and LDL were significantly associated (p < 0.05).
We also found that age is a significant factor of the study which is among the
FIGURE 1: Bar diagram of Adiponectin (μg/ml) and viral load (log cop- ies/ ml) among the cases or HBV infected liver disease.
FIGURE 2: Mean±SD graph of case and control with compare the Adiponectin (μg/ml) values.
Namrata Kumari et al.
FIGURE 3: SNPrs1501299 Genotyps (CC/CG/GG) distribution among the cases and control and quantitative value of Adiponectin (μg/ml),which is significantly associated with the cases (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 4: SNPrs266729 Genotype(GG/GT/TT) distribution among the cases and control and quantitative value of Adiponectin (μg/ml),which is significantly associated with the cases (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 5: SNPrs rs2241766 Genotype (GG/GT/TT) distribution among the cases and control and quantitative value of Adiponectin (μg/ml),which is significantly associated with the cases (p < 0.05).
were significantly associated (p < 0.05). The BMI for the case was considered as ≥25 and control group as ≤25 in the Table 2 by considering the male and female numbers and compared the adiponectin, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL. Out of which adiponectin, cholesterol and HDL were found to be associated with high risk (p < 0.05). The controversy regarding the association between the presence of HBsAg and metabolic factors were fur- ther studied for better understanding understood from the HBV viral load values. Table 3 explains the distribu- tion of the viral load (log copies/ml) and the adiponectin (μg/ml) values by considering the mean values only. The
low adiponectin values were found in patients with viral load of
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest rel- evant to this article.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study was supported by a grant from the Bioengi- neering and Technology Department, Gauhati Univer- sity, Assam, India.
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