The mediating role of religious belief according
to personality traits, identity, con ict and marital
satisfaction among couples in Tehran
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
Department of Psychology, Naien Branch, Islamic Azad University , Naein Iran
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study is to investigate “the mediating role of religious belief according to personality
traits, identity, con ict and marital satisfaction among couples in Tehran”. The research method is descriptive by
correlation method. The population of this study included students and young couples of Tehran that at least one
year has passed since their marriage. The results of the responses of 232 subjects that’s mean 116 couples have been
extracted and analyzed. To do this study, three questionnaires “NEO Personality” (Costa and McCrae, 60 questions),
“Islamic marital satisfaction (Jodeyri, 50 questions) and the “religious adherence» (Janbozorgi, 60 questions) were
used. Data were analyzed with the help of T test, F test, LSD test and analysis of variance. The results of this study
can be helpful in counseling before and after marriage, indicates that there is no signi cant relationship between per-
sonality characteristics introversion / extroversion and satisfaction of marriage. Also the relationship was not found
between identity / contradiction of the character traits and marital satisfaction that therefore cannot offer a good
mix of couples to predict higher levels of marital satisfaction but there is a positive signi cant relationship between
religious adherence of couples with their marital satisfaction.
KEY WORDS: IDENTITY/CONFLICT, INTROVERSION, EXTROVERSION, RELIGIOUS ADHERENCE, MARITAL SATISFACTION
33
ARTICLE INFORMATION:
*Corresponding Author:
Received 27
th
Nov, 2016
Accepted after revision 21
st
Feb, 2017
BBRC Print ISSN: 0974-6455
Online ISSN: 2321-4007
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NAAS Journal Score 2017: 4.31 Cosmos IF : 4.006
© A Society of Science and Nature Publication, 2017. All rights
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Online Contents Available at: http//www.bbrc.in/
INTRODUCTION
One of the basic topics of psychology science is the
study of personality characteristics. Since these fea-
tures form the foundation of people’s behavior, can
make clear empty aspects of individuals performance in
various elds. One of the most common category that
psychologists apply for personality is introversion and
extraversion that rst used by Carl Jung (Karimi, 1996).
In Jung’s theory, people to interact with guests one of
Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. Special Issue No 1:33-41 (2017)
34 THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY TRAITS, IDENTITY, CONFLICT BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
two ways; these two ways are always there in every
person, but the person is more inclined to a trend, in
other words, it can be seen that one end of the axial
position of the person on introspection and the other
end of extroversion. In other words, it can be seen that
one end of the axial position of the person on intro-
spection and the other end of extroversion. In the case
of introspection, the main orientation of the individual
and the self. Introverted person, hesitant, thoughtful
and cautious. Extroverted people tend to go out to the
outside world. Socially extroverted person is engaged,
active and enterprising. Introspections are more reticent
than extraversion and prevent further development of
their feelings. It is on this basis that introverts get their
energy from inside (the ideas and concepts of mind) and
extraverts’ energy from the outside world and in rela-
tion to others (Parvin, 1993). Characteristics of introver-
sion and extraversion, personality characteristics affect-
ing marital satisfaction is important. Unique features of
every human being, but it seems that it can be classi ed.
Introversion and extraversion as two ways of being and
feeling, facing each other and they re ect two different
views (Shahandeh, 2008).
Morris and Carter (2000) consider factors such as per-
sonality traits, attitudes, expectations and gender and
communication patterns including marital satisfaction
factors (Tirgari, 2004). From a religious viewpoint, mari-
tal satisfaction is a situation in which the couple marry
each other and being together, pour and feel at their
ease. Couples’ marital satisfaction is a process that occurs
throughout life and it needs to adapt tastes, knowledge
of personality traits, creating rules of conduct and inter-
action is the formation of patterns (Ahmadi et al.2005).
Thus it can be said that couples with satisfaction in vari-
ous areas of life are in agreement with each other. Such
wives and husbands of their type and level of verbal and
nonverbal relationships are satis ed with their sexual
relationships enjoyable and rewarding know, common
religious beliefs, their own time and nancial issues are
well planned and managed, on issues that disagree, the
good life and the good of your family prefer a high level
of exibility, are satis ed with the type and quality of
leisure time and traveling with family and friends and
nally, the number and type of education their children
together share (Jodeyri, 2009).
According to research results, as well as with respect
to the effect that religious beliefs and personality traits
such as extroverted and introverted on human behav-
ior and interpersonal relationships, current study will be
planned and implemented in order to answer the ques-
tion of whether it can be given to the religious beliefs
of couples with similar determination, contradiction
and characteristics of introversion, extroversion as one
of the most important and in uential personality char-
acteristics, marital satisfaction of couples predicted or
not? We will also examine the relationship between reli-
gious beliefs and adhere to it with marital satisfaction.
In addition, we want to achieve the highest levels of
marital satisfaction, the best combination in terms of
identity, contradiction and personality characteristics
introversion and extraversion.
Given that marriage is one of the most important
decisions a person during their lifetime encounters with
it and also began to take shape a new era in one’s life
as a result, it’s expected to reach perfection and growth,
be sure to choose a spouse before marriage and at the
factors that affect the future of marriage can be given to
couples with a rational right choice rather than on emo-
tion and feelings, enter into marital life and a healthy
and constructive environment to be created by the next
generations, the progress of society, culture and the
transmission of values. Among the factors in uencing
the religious beliefs and adherence to it, social class,
age, appearance, education level and etc. and is one of
the most important couples’ personality traits. Features
such as introspection and extroversion are the funda-
mental factors that can have an impact on marital life.
Due to this it is necessary to know the couple adhere to
religious and otherwise, in terms of the character traits
what should be combined to bene t from a successful
life. According to Cal and Heaton (1997) since the insti-
tution of religion and family emphasized similar values
and to strengthen the socialization of family members
are interdependent, the researchers predict that the close
relationship between the two. This orientation led to the
express statements like these that religion can reinforce
and strengthen the marital relationship.
Hunler and Gencoz (2005) also believe that religious
attitudes can be effective in the marital relationship,
because religion provides guidelines for life and system
of beliefs and values that these features can affect the
married life (Khodayarifard and others, p. 612). Corpo-
rate (2004) after his studies came to the conclusion that
religious differences between family members could
cause problems to continue in marriage that the issue
that leads to increased satisfaction and reduce con icts
and marital discord and divorce (Rouhani, 2008, p. 193).
Bradbery, Fincham and Beach (2000) states that one who
is thinking of getting married or married expects the
mobile life with happiness and satisfaction and enjoy
every minute of your life and your marriage because
what is more important to success or satisfaction among
couples in marriage (Jodeyri, 2009).
Sinha and Macerjec (1990) consider a situation where
the marital satisfaction of married couple being together
with each other and feel happy and satis ed (Ahmadi
and others, 2005, ). Considering the unique research in
the eld of relationship between personality characteris-
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY TRAITS, IDENTITY, CONFLICT 35
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
tics and marital satisfaction, we nd that most of these
studies have been done on a spouse but the relationship
between couples is considered together with lower mari-
tal satisfaction. In addition, it examines the similarities,
contrasts these personality characteristics and mari-
tal satisfaction is very important cases that have been
neglected, in this research, the study of this relationship,
moderating variable that the relation between belief and
religious adherence is the communication patterns of
couples is considered.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research method is descriptive by correlation
method. The population of this study included stu-
dents and young couples of Tehran that at least one
year has passed since their marriage. The results of the
responses of 232 subjects that’s mean 116 couples have
been extracted and analyzed. To do this study, three
questionnaires “NEO Personality” (Costa and McCrae,
60 questions), “Islamic marital satisfaction (Jodeyri, 50
questions) and the “religious adherence» (Janbozorgi, 60
questions) were used. Data were analyzed with the help
of T test, F test, LSD test and analysis of variance.
RESULTS
The main hypothesis of this study is that “there is a posi-
tive signi cant relationship between personality traits
similar introversion / extroversion and degree of marital
satisfaction.” This means that wives and husbands who
are both introverted or extroverted both, are entitled to
more marital satisfaction. In order to evaluate the differ-
ent modes personality trait introversion / extroversion
at the level of marital satisfaction, one-way analysis of
variance among subjects was used.
Data of Table 1 shows that is (P>0.05), so the dif-
ference between different states of introversion / extro-
version in marital satisfaction with degree of freedom
3 and 228 will not be signi cant. So we can conclude
that there is no signi cant relationship between differ-
ent states of introversion / extroversion and marital sat-
isfaction.
DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON THE SECOND
HYPOTHESIS
The rst hypothesis of this study is that “there is a posi-
tive signi cant relationship between religious adher-
ence and marital satisfaction level, as well as religious
adherence has a signi cant relationship with the traits
of introversion / extraversion.”
Data of Table 2 shows that is (P>0.05), so it will be
a signi cant difference between groups in marital sat-
isfaction with the degree of freedom 2 and 113 religious
adherence. So we can conclude that there is a signi cant
relationship between religious adherence and marital
satisfaction.
Based on the results of Table 3 there are signi cant
differences among couples that both adhere to the reli-
gion and couples who are both non-adherence to reli-
gion, because is (P>0.05). In this case, both adhere to the
religion of marital satisfaction is more than the satisfac-
tion of couples who are both non-adherence to religion.
There are also signi cant differences among couples that
are both religious non-compliance with couples where
only one of them is committed to religion because is
(P>0.05), in this case, marital satisfaction, both of which
are religious non-compliance will be less satisfaction
than couples who adhere to the religion are just one
of them. The second part of the rst sub-study hypoth-
esis is that “there is a signi cant relationship between
religious adherence and character trait introversion /
extroversion.” This means that the individual’s religious
adherence will vary with the characteristics of introver-
sion / extroversion.
According to the above table because is 0.05>0.575, it
must be said that the amount of variance are equal and
Table 1. Analysis of variance result among the characteristics of introversion / extroversion and marital
satisfaction
Signi cance levelFMean SquareDegrees of freedomSum of squares
0.3031.221408.34231225.025Between groups
334.49322876264.406Within groups
23177489.431Total
Table 2. Analysis of variance result between religious adherence and marital satisfaction
Signi cance levelFMean SquareDegrees of freedomSum of squares
0.00112.9962502.53225005.065Between groups
192.56311321759.651Within groups
11526746.716Total
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
36 THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY TRAITS, IDENTITY, CONFLICT BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Table 3. The results of multiple comparison test after the event between religious adherence and marital
satisfaction levels
Con dence interval
95%
Signi cance
level
Standard
error
Average
difference
(F - B)
Couples
adherence
(F)
Couples
adherence
(B)
Dependent
variable
Upper
bound
Lower
bound
22.28097.56910.0002.9654314.9250 (*)
Both are non-
adherence
Both are
adherence
Marital
satisfaction
12.7239-3.71100.3993.312764.5065
One is
adherence and
other is non-
adherence
-7.5691-22.28090.0002.9654314.9250 (*)
Both are non-
adherence
Both are non-
adherence
1.9796-18.85750.0113.4020510.4186 (*)
One is
adherence and
other is non-
adherence
3.7110-12.72390.3993.312764.5065
Both are
adherence
One is
adherence and
other is non-
adherence
18.85751.97960.0113.4020510.4186 (*)
Both are non-
adherence
(*)Correlation signi cance in the level of 0.05
Table 4. Variable descriptive indicators personality trait introversion / extroversion based
on religious adherence
Average
standard
deviation
Standard
deviation
AverageNumber
Introversion /
extroversion
Variable
1.4064915.21134960.2222117Introverted
Religious adherence
1.3657314.6458769.8174115Extroverted
to obtain T value, we use top tier values. In this section,
T value indicates that the introvert and extrovert groups
in terms of religious adherence are signi cantly different
from each other because of T value (4.893) and is (0.05),
therefore, there is a signi cant difference between the
two groups introvert and extrovert and introvert and
the extrovert average religious adherence is not like
each other. So our rst assumption is acceptable that
means there are differences among individuals within
and external, in the religious adherence. According to
the introvert and extrovert average groups can say that
extroverts than introverts are more religious adherence.
DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON THE
THIRD HYPOTHESIS
The second hypothesis of this study is that “both wives
and husbands who are extroverted, marital satisfaction
has both wives and husbands who are more introverted.”
According to the above table because is 0.197>0.05, it
must be said that the amount of variance are equal and
to obtain T value, we use top tier values. In this section,
T value indicates that the introvert and extrovert groups
in terms of religious adherence are not signi cantly dif-
ferent from each other because of T value (-1.892) and is
(0.064<0.05), therefore, there is no signi cant difference
between the two groups introvert and extrovert and the
average marital satisfaction as the characteristics of
introversion / extroversion (the couple both introverted
and extroverted both couples) like each other. So our
null hypothesis is rejected, which means that there is
no signi cant difference between the two groups in the
degree of marital satisfaction.
DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON THE FOURTH
HYPOTHESIS
The third hypothesis of this study is that “extreme intro-
version and extraversion couples with one of them,
reducing marital satisfaction.”
Data of Table 8 shows that is (P>0.05), so it will be
a signi cant difference between groups in marital sat-
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY TRAITS, IDENTITY, CONFLICT 37
Table 5. Comparing the mean scores of subjects to determine the different characteristics of introversion /
extroversion in religious adherence
T test for equality of means
Levine test
for equality of
variances
Variable
Standard
error of
difference
Average
difference
Two-sided
signi cance
level
dfT
Signi cance
level
F
1.96111-9.595170230-4.8930.5750.316
Assuming equal
variances
Couples
adherence
1.96047-9.595170229.901-4.894
Assuming
unequal
variances
Table 6. Couples descriptive indicators such as the characteristics of introversion / extraversion
on the basis of marital satisfaction
Error standard
deviation
Standard
deviation
AverageNumberHypothesis 3Variable
2.6721614.39002140.913829Both introspective
Marital satisfaction
3.0114915.93533148.517928Both extrovert
Table 7. Comparing the mean scores of subjects to determine the similarities and contrasts between features
introversion / extroversion in marital satisfaction
T test for equality of means
Levine test
for equality of
variances
Variable
Standard
error of
difference
Average
difference
Signi cance
level
dfT
Signi cance
level
F
4.01880-7.60410.06455-1.8920.1971.706
Assuming equal
variances
Satisfaction
4.02611-7.60410.06453.984-1.889
Assuming
unequal
variances
Table 8. Analysis of variance result between extreme states of introversion / extroversion and marital
satisfaction
Signi cance levelFMean SquareDegrees of freedomSum of squares
0.0043.396702.54164215.244Between groups
206.87610922549.472Within groups
11526746.716Total
isfaction with the degree of freedom 6 and 109 marital
satisfaction. So we can conclude that there is a signi -
cant relationship between extreme states of introversion
/ extroversion and marital satisfaction. In Table 4-27 has
been shown that signi cant differences of which group
with another.
Based on the results of Table 9 only there were signif-
icant differences among couples that are both extreme
extrovert and couples who are both two extreme intro-
vert because is (P <0.05). In this case extrovert, both of
which are extreme marital satisfaction of couples who
both inward satisfaction is greater extreme. In other
cases there is no signi cant difference in Table 4-28.
According to the tables and accurately in different con-
ditions Average concluded that the null hypothesis is
rejected, this means that the intensity of the personality
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
38 THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY TRAITS, IDENTITY, CONFLICT BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Table 9. The results of multiple comparison test after the event between the states of introversion / extraversion
extreme and marital satisfaction
Con dence interval
95%
Signi cance
level
Standard
error
Average
difference
(F - B)
Introversion /
extraversion
(F)
Introversion /
extraversion
(B)
Dependent
variable
Upper
bound
Lower
bound
12.915416.759214.09984-1.9219One extreme extrovert
Normal
conditions
(non-extreme)
Marital
satisfaction
3.619035.45990.2035.39914-15.9205Both extreme extrovert
15.8581-14.401214.180600.7284One extreme introvert
13.7127-29.83770.9366.01692-8.0625
Woman extreme
introvert and man
extreme extrovert
10.5877-32.96270.7496.01692-11.1875
Man extreme introvert
and woman extreme
extrovert
30.1502-13.40020.9246.016928.3750Both extreme introvert
16.7592-12.915414.099841.9219
Normal conditions
(non-extreme)
One extreme
extrovert
4.1945-32.19170.2675.02710-13.9986Both extreme extrovert
15.9958-10.69520.9983.687622.6503One extreme introvert
14.4350-26.71630.9785.68545-6.1406
Woman extreme
introvert and man
extreme extrovert
11.3100-29.84130.8495.68545-9.2656
Man extreme introvert
and woman extreme
extrovert
30.8725-10.27880.7725.6854510.2969Both extreme introvert
35.4599-3.61900.2035.3991415.9205
Normal conditions
(non-extreme)
Both extreme
extrovert
32.19174.19450.2675.0271013.9986One extreme extrovert
35.08121.78330.110
5.0931916.6489One extreme introvert
32.0448-16.32890.9666.683297.8580
Woman extreme
introvert and man
extreme extrovert
28.9198-19.45390.9986.6832940.7330
Man extreme introvert
and woman extreme
extrovert
48.48320.10860.0486.68329(*) 24.2955Both extreme introvert
14.4012-15.858114.18060-0.7284
Normal conditions
(non-extreme)
One extreme
introvert
10.6952-15.99580.9983.687622.6503One extreme extrovert
1.783335.08120.1105.09319-16.6489Both extreme introvert
11.9965-29.57840.8845.74397-8.7909
Woman extreme
introvert and man
extreme extrovert
8.8715-32.70340.6365.74397-11.9159
Man extreme introvert
and woman extreme
extrovert
28.4340-13.14090.9385.743977.6466Both extreme introvert
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY TRAITS, IDENTITY, CONFLICT 39
29.8377-13.71270.9366.016928.0625
Normal conditions
(non-extreme)
Woman extreme
introvert and
man extreme
extrovert
26.7163-14.43500.9785.685456.1406One extreme extrovert
16.3289-32.04480.9666.68329-7.8580Both extreme introvert
29.5784-11.99650.8845.743978.7909One extreme introvert
22.9014-29.151417.191593.1250
Man extreme introvert
and woman extreme
extrovert
42.46399.58890.5197.1915916.4375Both extreme introvert
32.9627-10.58770.7496.0169211.1875
Normal conditions
(non-extreme)
Man extreme
introvert and
woman extreme
extrovert
29.8413-11.31000.8495.685459.2656One extreme extrovert
19.4539-28.91980.9986.683294.7330Both extreme introvert
32.7034-8.87150.6365.7439711.9159One extreme introvert
29.1514-22.901417.191593.1250
Woman extreme
introvert and man
extreme extrovert
45.58896.46390.2957.1915919.5625Both extreme introvert
13.4002-30.15020.9246.01692-8.3750
Normal conditions
(non-extreme)
Both extreme
introvert
10.2788
-30.87250.7725.68545-10.2969One extreme extrovert
-0.108648.48230.0486.68329(*) 24.2955Both extreme introvert
13.1409-28.43400.9385.74397-7.6466One extreme introvert
9.5889-42.46390.5197.19159-16.4375
Woman extreme
introvert and man
extreme extrovert
6.4639-45.58890.2957.19159-19.5625
Man extreme introvert
and woman extreme
extrovert
(*) Correlation signi cance in the level of 0.05
characteristics introversion / extraversion speci c and
does not have signi cant impact on the level of marital
satisfaction of couples.
DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON THE FIFTH
HYPOTHESIS
The fourth hypothesis of this study is that “opti-
mal combination of both wives and husbands who
are extrovert.” It means that the wives and husbands
who are both extrovert, are entitled to more marital
satisfaction.
The results of Table 10 shows that there is no signi -
cant difference between the groups in terms of marital
satisfaction averages characteristics of introversion /
extraversion because is (P <0.05). So it is concluded that
there is no difference between various combinations of
couples in terms of introversion / extroversion at the
level of marital satisfaction.
The results of Table 11 shows that there is no signi -
cant difference between any of the different groups of
introversion / extraversion that this indicates that there
is a good mix at the level of marital satisfaction and all
groups are in the same situation.
Table 10. Analysis of variance result between the characteristics of introversion / extroversion
and marital satisfaction
Signi cance levelFMean Square
Degrees of
freedom
Sum of squares
0.0762.357529.77831589.334Between groups
224.78011225175.382Within groups
11526764.716Total
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
40 THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY TRAITS, IDENTITY, CONFLICT BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
RESULTS
The purpose of this study was to investigate “the medi-
ating role of religious belief according to personality
traits, identity, con ict and marital satisfaction among
couples in Tehran”. To do this study, three questionnaires
“NEO Personality” (Costa and McCrae, 60 questions),
“Islamic marital satisfaction (Jodeyri, 50 questions) and
the “religious adherence» (Janbozorgi, 60 questions)
were used. Data were analyzed with the help of T test,
F test, LSD test and analysis of variance. The results of
this study can be helpful in counseling before and after
marriage, indicates that there is no signi cant relation-
ship between personality characteristics introversion /
extroversion and satisfaction of marriage. Also the rela-
tionship was not found between identity / contradic-
tion of the character traits and marital satisfaction that
therefore cannot offer a good mix of couples to predict
higher levels of marital satisfaction but there is a posi-
tive signi cant relationship between religious adherence
of couples with their marital satisfaction.
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Table 11. One by one comparison of marital satisfaction based on characteristics of introversion / extraversion
Con dence interval
95%
Signi cance
level
Standard
error
Average
difference
(F - B)
Introversion /
extraversion
(F)
Introversion /
extraversion
(B)
Dependent
variable
Upper
bound
Lower
bound
3.6711-18.87920.3053.97227-7.6041Both extrovert
Both introvert
Marital
satisfaction
7.1440-16.62070.7344.186184.7384
Man extrovert
and woman
introvert
12.08809.14930.9853.740981.4693
Woman extrovert
and man
introvert
18.8792-3.67110.3053.972277.6041Both introvert
Both extrovert
14.84159.11020.3814.219112.8657
Man extrovert
and woman
introvert
19.79661.64980.1303.777809.0734
Woman extrovert
and man
introvert
16.6207-7.14400.7344.186184.7384Both introvert
Man extrovert
and woman
introvert
9.1102-14.84150.9274.219112.8657Both extrovert
17.56765.15220.4954.002126.2077
Woman extrovert
and man
introvert
9.1493-12.08800.9853.740981.4693Both introvert
Woman extrovert
and man
introvert
1.6498-19.79660.1303.777809.0734Both extrovert
5.1522-17.56760.4954.002126.2077
Man extrovert
and woman
introvert
Roohollah Fattahi and Jalal Vahhabi Homabadi
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