Ecological
Communication
Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 11(2): 307-312 (2018)
A survey on analysis of physico-chemical parameters
of owing water of Langting stream of Dima Hasao
Assam, India
Nilu Paul
1
, A. K. Tamuli
2
, R. Teron
3
and J. Arjun
4
1
Department of Zoology, Lumding College, Lumding
2,3
Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics Assam University, Diphu Campus, Diphu
4
Department of Zoology, Lumding College, Lumding
ABSTRACT
Langting stream of Dima Hasao district of Assam originates from Nobdi Langting, the border area of Nagaland,
Manipur and Dima Hasao and con uents to Diyung river (originates from Borail range). It is about 38 km from
Lumding and is one of the important sources of water for the people living near the river. All the domestic sewage,
industrial ef uents and solid waste nd its way to this stream via channels which may affect the quality of owing
water. In the proposed study an attempt has been made to analyse certain physico-chemical parameters of Langting
stream and assess the water quality. From the data of the studies carried out on riparian vegetation it was found that
it is at an alarming state and is a subject of great concern. The management of riparian areas is a vital environmental
and economic. The values of the physico-chemical parameters of surveyed hill streams are within the permissible
limits. Though there are monthly uctuations in the physico-chemical parameters of surveyed hill streams but the
result of the physico-chemical parameters reveals that the water quality is still good and the streams are very pro-
ductive nature.
KEY WORDS: LANGTING STREAM, WATER QUALITY, PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, POLLUTION
307
ARTICLE INFORMATION:
*Corresponding Author: jashodeb@gmail.com
Received 10
th
April, 2018
Accepted after revision 19
th
June 2018
BBRC Print ISSN: 0974-6455
Online ISSN: 2321-4007 CODEN: USA BBRCBA
Thomson Reuters ISI ESC / Clarivate Analytics USA and
Crossref Indexed Journal
NAAS Journal Score 2018: 4.31 SJIF 2017: 4.196
© A Society of Science and Nature Publication, Bhopal India
2018. All rights reserved.
Online Contents Available at: http//www.bbrc.in/
DOI: 10.21786/bbrc/11.1/17
308 A SURVEY ON ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Paul, Arjun and Tamuli
INTRODUCTION
In general, out of total land water 1% is available for
agriculture, drinking domestic, purpose power genera-
tion, industrial consumption, transportation and waste
disposal (Mishra et al 2002, Gupta et al. 2007). Although
Dima Hasao, a hill district in Assam is relatively free from
pollution as there are no major industries in the district.
However, mining activities and of organic pollution due to
household materials gradually polluting in certain areas.
Langting stream of Dima Hasao district is a tributary of
Diyung river. People living near the river directly pollute
the water by taking bath, washing clothes, vehicles and
utensils in it. All the domestic sewage, industrial ef uents
and solid waste nd its way to this stream via channels
which may affect the quality of water and create health
problems, (Raja et al., 2002). The physical and biologi-
cal characteristics of water determine the quality of water
(Diersing, et. al., 2009). The signi cant changes in these
physicochemical parameters lead to assess the water qual-
ity of Langting stream through analysis. The salinity, HCO
3
,
pH, depth, water temperature are responsible for variations
in phytoplankton community (Sharif et al 2017).
In eastern Himalayan lotic ecosystem of different
environmental factors anthropogenic and other fac-
tors may be considered as an components of pollution,
(Chowdhury et. al 2017). There is a direct interrelation
between physicochemical and biological parameters
(Kaur 2017). Water velocity is also an important factor
affecting aquatic fauna, (Singh et. al. 2017).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Langting stream segment was divided into two parts-up
and down stream with a length of 8 km. The selected
parameters were studied on seasonal basis. The stretches
were demarcated into ve sampling stations viz: S1, S2,
S3, S4 and S5. Water samples were collected from these
5 sampling sites from various locations of river Langting
monthly during the study period. From each locality ve
samples were collected randomly in cans (IL). Except for
dissolved oxygen (DO) where 300 ml glass stoppers were
used for sample collection and then brought to labo-
ratory for analysis. Following key parameters such as
water temperature, pH, depth, water ow and conductiv-
ity were determined in the eld because of their unsta-
ble nature. Water temperature was recorded by mer-
cury thermometer, turbidity with Seccehi disc, pH with
pen meter, (model Hanna:H196107) conductivity meter
(Hanna H196303) and water current by ow meter.
The laboratory analysis of the samples was done using
standard methods, (APHA 1998). Alkalinity and free CO
2
were determined by titration method. Dissolved oxygen
(DO) was determined by Winker’s modi ed method.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The analysis of various physico-chemical parameters
of Langting stream at stations S1, SII, SIII, SIV, SV, are
represented in Table-1(b,c,d e f). Air temperature: The
average of air temperature was found to be highest in
monsoon. The atmospheric temperature recorded post
monsoon varied from 22.67˚C to 25˚C with the lowest
mean recorded from S
3
(22.67˚C). Season wise analy-
sis showed that the mean temperature of water surface
was highest during monsoon period. The rise in tem-
perature during monsoon declined with the advent of
post-monsoon period. Highest mean was recorded from
S
1
(28.53˚C) and the lowest mean from S
3
(19.77˚C).
Water temperature was optimum during pre-monsoon
but the temperature remained lesser than atmospheric
throughout the entire period of study. It showed positive
correlation with depth, atmospheric temperature. Water
temperature showed negative correlation with pH, TDS,
electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and phosphate.
In S
2
, it showed negative correlation with pH, DO and
PO
4.
Water temperature is responsible for variation in
Phytoplankton community, (Sharif et. al 2017).
The present study recorded low values of turbidity.
The temporal and spatial variation in turbidity showed
a similar trend in sampling sites. Turbidity showed
positive correlation with depth, ow, Free CO
2
. The rain
water brought large amount of dissolved and suspended
inorganic and organic material that make water turbid
and causes lower transparency in the rainy months,
(Sawant et al., 2010, Tims and Midglay 1970). The pH
of the sampling sites were found to be slightly alkaline
during study period and showed range of variation dur-
ing sampling sites. The pH showed a decreasing trend
during the monsoon which gradually increased dur-
ing post-monsoon season. Maximum value of pH was
recorded at S
2
(8.73) and minimum value at S
3
(6.54) in
Langting stream. The pH value between 6.5 and 8.5 usu-
ally indicate good water quality, (Baruah and Hazarika,
2011). pH values of 5.5 or less are considered as risky,
Table 1a. showing details of sampling sites
Sampling site Name GPS position
S1 Langting I 25˚29
48N
93˚6
45E
S2 Langting II 25˚26
40N
93˚6
99E
S3 Langting III 25˚28
52N
93˚49
9E
S4 Langting IV 25˚26
50N
93˚48
20E
S5 Langting V 25˚30
25N
93˚46
29E
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS A SURVEY ON ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS 309
Paul, Arjun and Tamuli
Table-1(b). Physicochemical parameters of Langting stream (pre-monsoon)
Station Depth
(m)
Flow
(m/s)
Air
temp.
(˚C)
Water
temp
(˚C)
Turbidity
(NTP)
pH TDS
(μs/
cm)
Conductivity
(μs/cm)
DO
(ppm)
Free
CO2
PO4 Alkalinity
S
1
0.5 2.40 28.72 24.5 2.68 7.72 45.2 70.2 6.92 4.51 0.02 48.17
S
2
0.38 1.0 28.54 25.6 3.32 8.12 47.2 72.8 6.50 8.06 0.04 50.20
S
3
0.48 2.3 27.62 23.7 3.29 7.8 48.6 68.8 7.2 7.05 0.07 55.26
S
4
0.41 2.1 27.58 24.2 2.82 7.1 47.5 70.3 6.8 8.05 0.09 54.28
S
5
0.49 1.07 28.01 25.6 2.88 7.3 46.8 71.2 6.6 7.04 0.11 49.26
Table-1(c). Physicochemical parameters of Langting stream (monsoon)
Station Depth
(m)
Flow
(m/s)
Air
temp.
(˚C)
Water
temp
(˚C)
Turbidity
(NTP)
pH TDS
(μs/
cm)
Conductivity
(μs/cm)
DO
(ppm)
Free
CO
2
PO
4
Alkalinity
S
1
1.68 2.9 32.8 28.5 3.52 7.13 28.67 52.33 5.28 7.25 0.02 47.17
S
2
1.38 2.98 31.5 27.8 4.02 7.5 27.14 54.2 4.67 8.49 0.03 44.20
S
3
0.98 2.20 32.2 22.4 3.87 6.7 25.18 53.6 5.1 6.98 0.03 45.26
S
4
1.19 2.13 33.2 24.5 3.82 7.2 26.23 52.13 5.2 7.26 0.02 44.28
S
5
1.25 2.23 32.5 27.1 4.12 7.2 26.29 52.18 5.18 9.01 0.03 44.26
Table-1(d). Physicochemical parameters of Langting stream (post-monsoon)
Station Depth
(m)
Flow
(m/s)
Air
temp.
(˚C)
Water
temp
(˚C)
Turbidity
(NTP)
pH TDS
(μs/
cm)
Conductivity
(μs/cm)
DO
(ppm)
Free
CO
2
PO
4
Alkalinity
S
1
0.8 1.7 22.9 23 2.82 7.6 45.8 70.25 8.67 5.3 0.09 66.2
S
2
0.72 1.2 24 22 3.42 8.73 48.6 74.62 8.23 6.2 0.12 67.2
S
3
0.52 1.2 22.67 19 2.62 6.54 44.5 71.28 8.3 5.2 0.08 68.2
S
4
1.02 1.3 23 23 3.45 7.2 47.6 73.28 5.67 5.8 0.07 67.6
S
5
1.03 1.1 24 22 2.82 7.8 23.67 72.66 7.85 5.7 0.09 67.2
Table-1(e). Physicochemical parameters of Langting stream (winter)
Station Depth
(m)
Flow
(m/s)
Air
temp.
(˚C)
Water
temp
(˚C)
Turbidity
(NTP)
pH TDS
(μs/
cm)
Conductivity
(μs/cm)
DO
(ppm)
Free
CO
2
PO
4
Alkalinity
S
1
0.5 1.2 19 16 1.99 7.2 45.8 70.25 8.2 5.3 0.09 76.1
S
2
0.54 1.1 20 17 1.82 7.8 48.6 74.62 8.4 6.2 0.12 76.2
S
3
0.42 1.1 19 17 1.34 7.7 44.5 71.28 8.3 5.2 0.08 65.2
S
4
.6 1.2 20 17 1.45 7.1 46.2 73.28 7.9 5.8 0.07 67.5
S
5
.9 1.3 18 15 1.76 7.8 46.5 72.66 7.85 5.7 0.09 58.2
Paul, Arjun and Tamuli
310 A SURVEY ON ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
BAR DIAGRAM OF WATER TEMPERATURE OF
LANGTING RIVER
BAR DIAGRAM OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN OF
LANGTING RIVER
BAR DIAGRAM OF FREE CARBON DIOXIDE OF
LANGTING RIVER
BAR DIAGRAM OF ALKALINITY OF LANGTING
RIVER
Table-1(f). Correlation Coef cient of Physicochemical parameters of Langting stream
Depth
(m)
Flow
(m/s)
Air
temp.
(˚C)
Water
temp
(˚C)
Turbidity
(NTP)
pH TDS
(μs/
cm)
Conductivity
(μs/cm)
DO
(ppm)
Free
CO
2
PO
4
Alkalinity
Depth
(m)
1
Flow (m/s) -0.069 1
Air temp.
(˚C)
0.521 -0.482 1
Water temp
(˚C)
0.315 0.661 -0.516 1
Turbidity
(NTP)
0.585 -0.240 -0.288 -0.246 1
pH 0.115 -0.249 0.067 -0.032 0.058 1
TDS
(μs/cm)
-0.784 0.192 -0.638 -0.084 -0.573 0.001 1
Conductivity
(μs/cm)
-0.033 -0.782 0.354 -0.582 0.005 0.425 -0.108 1
DO (ppm) -0.657 0.540 0.503 0.406 -0.787 0.150 0.644 -0.410 1
Free CO
2
-0.071 0.468 0.704 0.664 -0.336 0.075 0.142 -0.598 -0.433 1
PO
4
0.156 0.419 0.458 0.358 -0.554 0.027 0.615 -0.384 -0.275 0.543 1
Alkalinity 0.238 0.350 0.245 0.067 -0.675 0.170 -0.291 -0.544 0.390 0.579 0.378 1
Paul, Arjun and Tamuli
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS A SURVEY ON ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS 311
(Sawyer et al 1978). The salinity, HCO3, pH depth are
also responsible for variation in phytoplankton commu-
nity, (Sharif et. al 2017).
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): The mean of two years
data of TDS at the sampling sites showed seasonal cycle,
maximum during pre-monsoon and post- monsoon. The
values of TDS during pre-monsoon ranged from 43.44
ppm-47.3 ppm with highest mean recorded from S
2
(47.2
ppm). During monsoon the values uctuated between
23.67 ppm-26.65 ppm amongst the sampling sites, low-
est mean was recorded from S
3
(24.12 ppm),
Electrical conductivity(EC) showed similar seasonal
trend as TDS with high values recorded during pre-
monsoon and low values during monsoon. Direct rela-
tion was observed between Electrical conductivity and
dissolved oxygen in S
1
. In S
2
and S
3
, it showed posi-
tive correlation with DO and phosphate concentration.
Inverse relation was observed with depth, ow, atmos-
pheric temperature, Free CO
2
and alkalinity. Free CO
2
recorded from the sampling sites varied from 4.51 ppm
-9.01 ppm. During monsoon period relatively high value
of FCO
2
was recorded from the sampling sites which
ranged from 6.24 ppm – 9.25 ppm and minimum during
winter.
Seasonal uctuation of DO at the sampling sites
showed marked variation. Post-monsoon period showed
maximum value of DO with highest value 8.67 ppm
recorded from S
1
followed by S
2
(8.23 ppm) and S
4
(5.65
ppm). Monsoon period was recorded with low values
with minimum value recorded from S
2
(4.67 ppm). Nega-
tive correlation was established between DO and depth,
Free CO
2
concentration and alkalinity in all the sampling
sites whereas DO established positive correlation with
pH and phosphate in sampling sites. Dissolved oxygen
has been exclusively used as a parameter of delineating
water quality and to evaluate the degree of hardness of a
river, (Fakayode, 2005). In the present investigation low
values of phosphate were recorded which varied within
range (0.02 ppm-0.11 ppm). Maximum phosphate con-
tent was recorded in post-monsoon from the sampling
sites whereas monsoon period showed least phosphate
content.
Value of alkalinity recorded from the sampling sites
was not very high. Maximum values were sampled in
the monsoon months in the sampling sites, while low
values were sampled during the post-monsoon and
winter period. Alkalinity of water is a measure of weak
acid present in it and of cations balanced against them,
(Sverdrap et. al 1942). Haemopoiesis is a survival strat-
egy in the characterized habitat specialized shes inhab-
iting hill stream, (Chowdhury et. al. 2017).
From various studies carried out on riparian vegeta-
tion it was found that it is at an alarming state and is
a global concern subject. The management of riparian
areas is a vital environmental and economic resource.
The nding values of the physico-chemical parameters
of surveyed hill streams are within the permissible lim-
its. Though there are monthly uctuations in the phys-
ico-chemical parameters of surveyed hill streams but the
result of the physico-chemical parameters reveals that
the water quality is still good and the streams are very
productive nature.
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