Biotechnological

Communication

Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 10(1): 1-5 (2017)

COD reduction from re nery wastewater using SiO

photocatalyst synthesized by wheat husk

Rajani Bharati and S. Suresh*

Green Catalysis and Process Technology Research laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana

Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462 051 and SERB Indo-US Postdoctoral Research Fellow,

The College of New York - 10031 CUNY USA

ABSTRACT

In this research work wheat husk has been used as silica source for synthesis of SiO

nanocatalyst by sol-gel method.

High concentration of COD is found in re nery wastewater as pollutant. The size of synthesized SiO

nanoparticles

found from 5 to 30 nm range. AFM, FEG-SEM and TEM analysis con red that synthesiszed nanocatalyst are in nano

range. FTIR, XRD, and EDAX analysis con rmed that catalyst is SiO2.The COD was removed by photocatalytic reac-

tion in aluminium UV-lamp photoreactor. The optimum percent removal of COD is found to be 85% at 8 hour reaction

time and 250C temperature and at 9.3 pH.BET surface area is found to be 300m

/g.

KEY WORDS: SIO

, NANOCATALYST, WHEAT HUSK, COD, REFINERY WASTEWATER.

ARTICLE INFORMATION:

*Corresponding Author: sureshs@manit.ac.in

Received 27

Nov, 2016

Accepted after revision 26

Jan, 2017

BBRC Print ISSN: 0974-6455

Online ISSN: 2321-4007 CODEN: USA BBRCBA

Thomson Reuters ISI ESC and Crossref Indexed Journal

NAAS Journal Score 2017: 4.31 Cosmos IF : 4.006

reserved.

Online Contents Available at: http//www.bbrc.in/

INTRODUCTION

Wheat husk contain silica in abundant quantity. Wheat

husk has been used as agriculture waste to synthesis

SiO

nanocatalyst. Re nery wastewater contains COD,

BOD, Total hydrocarbon (TOH), and phenolic compound

as pollutants (Uddeen et al., 2011, Yu et al., 2016).

Industrial wastewater is big challenge for environment

(Oubrayame et al., 2015). Wheat husk has been used as

agriculture waste for synthesis of SiO

so it is green syn-

thesis method.

In this research work COD has been treated from

re nery waster and effect of various parameters like pH,

and time have been analyzed. In this work UV-lam alu-

minum photocatalyst has been used for 8 hour reaction

time at 6 h optimum percent removal has been found.

By aluminum photocatalytic reactor intensity of light

has been controlled to get maximum percent removal.

2 COD REDUCTION FROM REFINERY WASTEWATER BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Rajani Bharati and S. Suresh

Various characterization like FEG-SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR,

AFM have been carried out.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS

All chemicals used in this experiment were used to ana-

lytical grade (AR). Orthophosphoric acid (85% purity)

acid to make 1 M solution, NaOH to make a 1N solution

to maintained pH, double distilled water, re nery waste-

water from Northern re nery industry.

METHODS

Synthesis of SiO

nanocatalyst by sol-gel method

Wheat husk was collected as agriculture waste from agri-

culture land , then it was washed and dried in oven at

C.Silicat was extracted from wheat husk and nanocat-

alys of SiO2 was made bt sol-gel method the procedure

has been shown in  ow diagram 1 (Gayen et al., 2011).10

gm wheat husk was activated by orthophosphoric acid.

Characterization

FEG-SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR , AFM, EDAX had been carried

out to know size, shape and morphology of nanocatalyst.

FIGURE 1. Synthesis of SiO2 nanocatalyst.

Sodium hydroxide solution (3.5 mol/lit)

Boiled for 5 hours in three-neck  ash

with re ux assembly

Silica will dissolved and will produce

sodium silicate solution

Solution was  ltered & washed with

boiled distilled water

Added surfactant (2 wt 2%)

Dissolved in water/butanol solution

(1:1 ratio)

Mixture was stirred at 60 oc

Hydrolysis-condensation reaction at pH=4

by adding 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution in

suspension

Resulting gel mixture was aged at 60 o C

for 8 hours

Preparation of sodium silicate solution

10 gm pretreated wheat husk ash

Sodium silicate



Final solid sample was cooled to room temperature



BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS COD REDUCTION FROM REFINERY WASTEWATER 3

Rajani Bharati and S. Suresh

FIGURE 2. Shows FEG-SEM Image EDX Image.

FIGURE 3. TEM Image.

FIGURE 4. XRD analysis.

FEG-SEM, TEM and AFM con rmed that particles are in

nano range. XRD con rmed phase identi cation of SiO

nanocatalyst (Mourhly et al., 2015). FTIR test shows Si-O-Si

stretching for nanocatalyst and for other functional groups

present. TEM and FEG-SEM FTIR were carried out at SAIF,

IIT Mumbai. AFM test was carried out at North Maharashtra

university, Jalgaon. AFM was performed at MANI, Bhopal.

Treatment method

For treatment of re nery wastewater aluminum photo-

catalytic reactor was sed. The reaction was carried out

in three neck  ask. The light source was taken UV-lamp.

There are Six UV-lamp are there in aluminum reac-

tor. By this arrangement intensity of light can change.

4 COD REDUCTION FROM REFINERY WASTEWATER BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Rajani Bharati and S. Suresh

FIGURE 5. AFM analysis.

FIGURE 6. FTIR analysis.

FIGURE 7. Reduction with respect to time.

BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS COD REDUCTION FROM REFINERY WASTEWATER 5

Rajani Bharati and S. Suresh

FIGURE 8. COD redction with respect to pH.

The photocatalytic reaction was performed for 8 hours.

The samples were analyzed at different time internal

1h,2h,3h,4h,5h,6h,7h,8h .The reaction was performed

at different catalyst load 0.5g/L, 1.0g/L and 1.5g/L. The

optimum percentage removal is 85% at 0.5g/L catalyst

load for re nery wastewater and 9.3 pH.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Characterization: Results shown by characterization

found that synthesized catalyst are in nano range

Treatment of re nery wastewater:

Synthesized nanocatalyst by wheat husk shows good

results to treat re nery wastewater by photocatalytic

reaction (Choquette et al., 2014).

CONCLUSION

From characterization of nanocatalyst it has been con-

cluded that synthesized nanocatalyst are irregular in

shape in shape. The size of nanocatalyst is from 5 to 25

nm. Synthesized nanocatalyst are crystalline in nature.

The optimum percent removal of COD from re nery

wastewater is 85% at 6 hour reaction time. The optimum

pH for COD removal is 9.0.The results show that syn-

thesized nanocatalysts are good photocatalyst for COD

removal form re nery wastewater.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to thank Ministry of Human Resource

Development, Government of India (MHRD) and Maul-

ana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT)

Bhopal, India to provide fund and facilities to carry out

experimental work.

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