Biotechnological
Communication
Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 10(3): 463-474 (2017)
In vitro anticariogenic activity of commercially existing
anticavity tooth pastes and tooth powders against
Lactobacillus acidophilus
isolated from childhood caries
Vijayalakshmi S.*, Rajasekar S. and Mohankumar A
Division of Microbial Technology, Post Graduate Research Department of Zoology, Chikkanna Government
Arts College, Tirupur – 641 602, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
Primary childhood caries constitute a burden for the dental profession and public health administrators, as many authors report that the
situation in primary dentition has not improved over the last decades, impacting children’s quality of life and future oral health. Biologi-
cal as well as socio economic factors are related to the development of dental caries, and are both relevant in understanding the disease
process and is the main reason the rural preschool children’s are admitted to hospitals. The early stages of invasion infection caused by
Lactobacillus acidophilus also play major role in this process. This study was carried out to access the invitro antibacterial potential of
the different tooth paste and tooth powders available in local market against the isolated oral micro ora Lactobacillus acidophilus from
hundred different samples (including tooth scraping and swabs) collected from various dental clinics and from rural preschool children
with different age group ranging from 5-17yrs. A total of hundred isolates were selected and screened for their ability to produce anti-
microbial substance. The antimicrobial activity of eleven different tooth pastes such as Pepsodent, Colgate advance, Meswak, Vicco, S.V
Namboodiri, K.P. Namboodiri’s, Babool, Dabur Red, Close up, Himalaya herbal complete care and Cheerio gel and four different tooth
powders namely Herbal JM, Gopal, Pyorea and Injection were evaluated on cariogenic lactic acid bacteria. The antimicrobial properties
of tooth paste were tested with cariogenic bio lm producing microbial strain Lactobacillus acidophilus using well diffusion method. Each
tooth paste was tested at different concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%). This investigation showed that all dentifrices selected
for the study were effective against the entire test organisms but to varying degrees. Pepsodent – Germi Check tooth paste gave a reading
of 45 mm at 10% concentration of tooth paste as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices followed
by Colgate advance dentifrice recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 40 mm compared to other tooth pastes. All
other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 20 mm to 37.5 mm in 10% concentration of tooth paste respectively. The
data obtained from the complete investigation showed that tooth paste formulations have more effective active ingredients to control
the oral micro ora whereas, herbal based products are equally effective as the other formulations but are not superior to them, whereas
the tooth powder formulations were 100% less effective in controlling the oral ora.
KEY WORDS: ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY TOOTH PASTES
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS
463
ARTICLE INFORMATION:
*Corresponding Author: vijisundharam@gmail.com
Received 10
th
July, 2017
Accepted after revision 28
th
Sep, 2017
BBRC Print ISSN: 0974-6455
Online ISSN: 2321-4007 CODEN: USA BBRCBA
Thomson Reuters ISI ESC and Crossref Indexed Journal
NAAS Journal Score 2017: 4.31 Cosmos IF: 4.006
© A Society of Science and Nature Publication, 2017. All rights
reserved.
Online Contents Available at:
http//www.bbrc.in/
DOI: 10.21786/bbrc/10.3/20
464 IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
INTRODUCTION
WHO declared that deprived oral health and its related
diseases may have dreadful effect on common health
as well as eminence of life. Dental caries is an infec-
tious, communicable disease resulting in destruction
of tooth structure by acid forming bacteria found in
dental plaque, an intraoral bio lm, in the presence of
sugar. The infection results in loss of tooth minerals that
begin on the outer surface of the tooth and can progress
through the dentin to the pulp, ultimately compromising
the vitality of the tooth. Various literature has proved
that Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus
were the main causative agent for dental caries (Fitzger-
ald and Keyes, 1960). The early manifestation of the car-
ies process is a small patch of demineralised enamel at
the tooth surface, often hidden from sight in the ssures
of teeth or in between the teeth. The destruction spreads
into the softer, sensitive part of the tooth beneath the
enamel (Yadav and Prakash 2017 and Tasie et al., 2017).
These bacteria are strongly stimulated by sucrose and
are known as the main organisms responsible for human
tooth decay. Bio lm formation is a natural process in
the oral environment, but needs to be controlled through
regular brushing in order to prevent the development of
caries and periodontal diseases. Most of the people use
toothpaste without knowing their potential ef cacy, bac-
teria form an important group of microorganisms found
in both healthy and diseased mouths. There have been
more than 300 types of bacteria found in the mouth; it’s
a very serious matter to select the effective toothpaste
or powder to prevent teeth from microbial attack pre-
venting the principle dental diseases like dental plaque,
dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis.
The purpose of oral hygiene using toothpaste is to
reduce oral bacterial ora, mouth bacteria have been
linked to plaque. Plaque is a complex bio lm found on
the tooth surface that is a major cause of the develop-
ment of dental caries (Benson et al., 2004). The accu-
mulation and development of plaque depends upon the
outcome of the interactions between the adhesiveness
of plaque to the tooth surface and the physical shear
forces which serve to dislodge and remove the plaque
(Roberts et al., 2005). Tooth paste is classi ed as drug
not as a cosmetic, different brands of tooth pastes and
tooth powders contain effective antibacterial ingredients
as broad spectrum antibacterial agents which effectively
reduce oral bacteria and contribute to dental health
(Regos et al., 1974). The common method for maintain-
ing good oral hygiene is brushing the teeth with denti-
frices that have antimicrobial properties and can prevent
the degradation of tooth enamel (Vyas et al., 2017).
Tooth brushing with toothpaste is the most widely
practiced form of oral hygiene in most countries (Pan-
nuti et al., 2003). The success of any toothpaste, in part,
lies on its ability to eliminate pathogenic oral micro
ora. Fluoride dentifrices have been widely used all over
the world and extensive research has established their
abilities in terms of caries resistance (Itthagarum and
Wei, 1996). A wide range of chemicals, mainly antimi-
crobial agents, have been added to tooth pastes in order
to produce a direct inhibitory effect on plaque formation
(Fine et al., 2006; Pannuti et al., 2003), clearly, most
individuals nd it dif cult to maintain an effective level
of plaque control and this is re ected in the levels of
periodontal disease in the population. The addition of
antimicrobial agents to tooth paste has been suggested
as one possible method to improving the ef cacy of
mechanical tooth-cleaning procedures (Fine et al., 2006;
Moran et al., 1988), aiding the control of dental plaque
and preventing dental caries and periodontal diseases
(Ozaki et al., 2006; White et al., 2006).
When these substances are added to oral products,
they kill microorganisms by disrupting their cell walls
and inhibiting their enzymatic activity. They prevent bac-
terial aggregation, slow multiplication and release endo-
toxins (Bou-Chacra et al., 2005; Ozaki et al., 2006). Our
day begins with the tooth paste, hence the objective of
this current study has made an effort to argument out the
components of conventional tooth pastes should be as
safe as those of herbal tooth pastes and able to maintain
the good dental hygiene by use of tooth paste because
dental care is one of the aspects of human sanitation,
which unfortunately receive scanty attention to provide
ef cient protection against cariogenic microorganisms to
enhance bio lm control, and prevent dental caries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty different dental clinical samples from various
dental clinics and from the patients having dental car-
ies who come for the dental treatment of different age
groups ranging from 5-17 years were collected with the
help of an excavator and immediately transferred to
3 ml of saline solution in sterile glass vials. Informa-
tion of patient’s dental case history was also recorded
along with his/her consent. After inoculation, vials were
capped and sealed by Para lm. The packed vials were
brought to the laboratory immediately and kept in incu-
bator at 37°C for 24 hours for bacterial enrichment. he
cariogenic bio lm producing Lactobacillus acidophilus
were screened, identi ed and puri ed by series of sub-
culture on speci c media such as Man Rogosa Sharpe
agar and Nutrient agar were incubated aerobically at
37°C for 24 hours. The identi cation of all the microbes
was con rmed by standard biochemical and staining
methods (Aneja, 2003). All the pure cultures were stored
and maintained in nutrient broth at 4˚C for further use.
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY 465
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
FIGURE 1. Colony of Lactobacillus acidophilus on
Man Rogosa Sharpe agar
FIGURE 2. Anticariogenic activity of different dentifrices against Lactobacillus acidophilus
All leading conventional, herbal tooth paste and
tooth powder brands were purchased from local mar-
ket. The care was taken to procure the completely herbal
(organic) toothpastes only. Fifteen samples namely
Pepsodent, Colgate advance, Babool, Vicco, Dabur red,
Herbal JM, Pyorea powder, Himalaya herbal complete
care, S.V. Namboodiri’s, K.P. Namboodiri, Gopal powder,
Close up, Cherriogel, Meswak and Injection powder were
collected.Different concentration of (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%,
10% and 12%) tooth pastes and tooth powder samples
were diluted in sterile distilled water, shaken and kept
as a stock solution. The distilled water employed as the
negative control.
The antibacterial activity of the different concentra-
tions: 2:100, 4:100, 6:100, 8:100, 10:100 and 12:100
(prepared by mixing 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, 10g and 12g each of
the toothpastes and tooth powders in 100 ml of sterile
distilled water respectively) of the various tooth paste
and tooth powder brands namely: Pepsodent, Colgate
advance, Babool, Vicco, Dabur red, Herbal JM, Pyorea
powder, Himalaya herbal complete care, S.V. Nambood-
466 IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
FIGURE 3. Dentifrices used in this study
iri’s, K.P. Namboodiri, Gopal powder, Close up, Cher-
riogel, Meswak and Injection powder was determined
by modi ed agar well diffusion method as described
by Prasanth, (2011). In this method Muller Hinton agar
plates were seeded with 0.5ml of 0.5 McFarland stand-
ards (approx., 10
8
cfu/ml) of cariogenic bio lm produc-
ing Lactobacillus acidophilus). The plates were allowed
to solidify. A sterile 8mm cork-borer was used to cut one
central and ve wells at equidistance of the plates. 0.2ml
of the tooth paste and tooth powder dilutions was inocu-
lated to each of the ve wells while the same amount of
sterile distilled water was introduced in to the rst well
as control. The ef cacy of anticariogenic tooth paste and
tooth powder extracts against bacteria was compared
with the broad spectrum antibiotics ampicillin, tetracy-
cline and chloramphenicol (positive control). The same
procedure was used for the broad spectrum antibiotics
and the plates were incubated at 37˚C for 24hours. The
antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the
diameters of zone of inhibition (in mm). An organism
was interpreted as highly susceptible if the diameter of
inhibition zones was more than 30 mm, intermediate if
diameter was 25 to 30 mm and resistant was less than
25 mm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Amongst 100 clinical decay samples, 100 positive Lac-
tobacillus acidophilus were isolated from different age
group ranging from 5-17yrs. All the decay samples were
tested on Man Rogosa Sharpe agar (MRS) for the isolation
of Lactobacillus acidophilus and con rmed according
to Bergy’s manual of Bacteriology. Isolated cariogenic
Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates were tested invitro
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY 467
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
to determine anticariogenic activity of tooth paste and
tooth powder by well diffusion method. There are dif-
ferent concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%)
of tooth paste and tooth powder were tested namely
Pepsodent, Colgate advance, Babool, Vicco, Dabur red,
Herbal JM, Pyorea powder, Himalaya herbal complete
care, S.V. Namboodiri’s, K.P. Namboodiri, Gopal pow-
der, Close up, Cherriogel, Meswak and Injection powder.
Totally 12 tooth pastes and 3 tooth powders were used to
identify the potential ef cacy of tooth pastes and tooth
powders against the selected Lactobacillus acidophilus.
The results of antibacterial activity of different brands
of anticavity tooth pastes and tooth powders against
cariogenic bacteria are shown in Table 1 - 10. Among
three brands, Brand – A Conventional tooth paste for-
mulation include Colgate advance, Pepsodent, Close-up
and Cherriogel was perceived maximum zone of inhi-
bition (40, 47.5, 30 and 37.5 mm respectively) in 10%
concentration followed by minimum zone of inhibition
was scattered in 2% concentration of tooth paste.
In Brand – B, 7 dentifrices: Vicco, Dabur Red,
Babool, Meswak, Himalaya herbal complete care, K.P.
Namboodiri and S.V. Namboodiri were showed maxi-
mum activity (20mm, 31mm, 30mm, 31.5mm, 27.5mm,
30.5mm and 25 mm) in 10 % concentration of herbal
based tooth paste followed by minimum zone of inhibi-
tion was dotted in 2% concentration of Vicco, Dabur
Red, Babool, Meswak, Himalaya herbal complete care,
K.P. Namboodiri and S.V. Namboodiri was signi cantly
resistant against the tested cariogenic isolates get equally
0 mm zone of inhibition.
The ndings from the present study the Brand – C
include four diverse tooth powders namely Herbal JM,
Injection, Gopal and Pyorea was notably degree of
resistant against test pathogen Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Awareness of this research was investigated to choice the
best tooth paste, were using every day to reduce prolif-
eration microorganisms in mouth as well as bad smell of
mouth because of presenting microorganism in mouth
and were found food between teeth .In the present study,
three different brands of tooth pastes designated as A,
B and C was tested for antibacterial activity against ten
dental pathogens. All type of different tooth paste and
tooth powder were found to be effective against 10 cari-
ogenic pathogens to varying degree.
Tooth paste brand A (Type – Conventional) was sig-
ni cant in controlling the Lactobacilli infection from low
concentration of 2% it exhibit signi cant degree of resist-
ant against test pathogen showing there is no zone of
inhibition observed in Strain No. 1 MTLACVG02 (Close
up and Cherriogel), Strain No. 4 MTLACVG36 (Cherrio-
gel), Strain No. 5 MTLACVG38 (Cherriogel), Strain No.10
MTLACVG100 (Close up) and increased with concentration
showing 25 mm zone at 10 % in Strain No. MTLACVG100
FIGURE 3. (Continued)
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
468 IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Table 1. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG02.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 0 14 15 17.5 19 15
Vicco 0 10 12.5 14.5 17 0
Dabur 0 15 16 20 22 0
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 0 12 15 15.5 25 0
S.V. Namboodiri’s 0 16 17.5 20 20 0
Pepsodent 19.5 21 23 41.5 47.5 15
K.P. Namboodiri 0 14 15 16.5 25 0
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 0 14 15 18 30 0
Meswak 0 12.5 13 17.5 31.5 13.5
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 0 12.5 17 17.5 25 11
Colgate advance 21 22.5 23 24 30 21
Table 2. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG06.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 15 15 15 16.5 20 15
Vicco 10 11 13 13 15 12
Dabur 14.5 15 15 16 20 14.5
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 12 15 19 20 27.5 11.5
S.V. Namboodiri’s 12 14 15 20 22.5 11.5
Pepsodent 18 21 28.5 30 35 15
K.P. Namboodiri 11 12 13.5 14.5 15.5 14
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 14 15 15.5 19 27.5 11
Meswak 10 10 13 13 21.5 13
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 11 13 13 20 25 13
Colgate advance 21 22 26.5 29 36.5 18
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY 469
Table 3. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG17.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 12 13 14.5 15 17.5 12
Vicco 10 12 12.5 15 17.5 12
Dabur 10 12 16 16 30 10.5
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 12 15 15.5 18 18.5 18
S.V. Namboodiri’s 12 14.5 15 18.5 23 8
Pepsodent 15 17.5 25 29.5 31 13.5
K.P. Namboodiri 12 12 12 15 15 10.5
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 13 15 15 16 16 10
Meswak 9 10 14.5 15 17.5 15.5
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 13 14.5 15 16.5 20 9
Colgate advance 16.5 20 23.5 24.5 27.5 11.5
Table 4. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG36.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 0 13 19.5 20 20 0
Vicco 9 10 13 15.5 16 0
Dabur 10 14 17.5 21 30 0
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 0 18 19 19.5 22.5 0
S.V. Namboodiri’s 0 14 16.5 18.5 22.5 0
Pepsodent 17 23.5 25 27.5 30 0
K.P. Namboodiri 11 12.5 14 15.5 16 0
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 15 16.5 17 20 30 0
Meswak 11 12 15 18 20 0
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 0 14 15 20 37.5 0
Colgate advance 18 18 27.5 27.5 40 16
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
470 IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Table 5. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG38.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 10 15 16.5 19 22 13.5
Vicco 13 13 14 15 18 12
Dabur 13.5 14 15 17 20 15
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 12 15.5 16 20 24 14.5
S.V. Namboodiri’s 0 15 17.5 18 20 12.5
Pepsodent 23 23 33.5 34.5 41.5 14
K.P. Namboodiri 0 11 14 15 25 13
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 14 15.5 19.5 20 22 13.5
Meswak 12 13 13.5 14 17.5 13.5
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 0 13.5 16.5 20 22 13.5
Colgate advance 20.5 22.5 25 25 30 18
Table 6. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG75.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 12.5 14 14 18.5 30 14.5
Vicco 10 13 13 14 15 15
Dabur 13 15 15 19 31 15
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 11 15 15 17.5 22.5 16
S.V. Namboodiri’s 9 14.5 15 17.5 20 14.5
Pepsodent 17.5 20 24 25.5 39 12.5
K.P. Namboodiri 11 13 14 15 15 13
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 13 15 15 19 32.5 11
Meswak 10 12 12.5 15 16 13
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 12 14 15 20 20 15
Colgate advance 18 21 25 25.5 30 15
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY 471
Table 7. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG85.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 14.5 17 19 20 25 11
Vicco 8 14 14 15 17 12
Dabur 12 14 15.5 17 19 14.5
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 13 18.5 19 20 22 14.5
S.V. Namboodiri’s 11 15 17 17 17.5 14.5
Pepsodent 20 25.5 26 27.5 30 12
K.P. Namboodiri 12 14 16.5 20 20 12.5
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 13 15 15.5 16.5 17 14.5
Meswak 0 13 13 13.5 17.5 14
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 9 14 16.5 20 20 13.5
Colgate advance 17 19.5 25 26.5 27 20
Table 8. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG95.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 14 15 16 20 24.5 15.5
Vicco 9 10 14 14 13.5 15
Dabur 10 18.5 20 20 20 18
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 13 15 16.5 19 20 0
S.V. Namboodiri’s 15 17.5 18.5 19 25 15.5
Pepsodent 19 20 22.5 27.5 28 14.5
K.P. Namboodiri 10 12.5 15.5 17.5 18 14.5
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 13 14 17 17 20 13.5
Meswak 7 12.5 15 16 17 14.5
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 9 14 16.5 20 20 13.5
Colgate advance 17 19.5 25 26.5 27 20
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
472 IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Table 9. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG97.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 13 15 17 18 19 14.5
Vicco 7 12.5 15 16 16.5 13.5
Dabur 14 17.5 18.5 20 23 15.5
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 18 19 19.5 20 22 22
S.V. Namboodiri’s 14.5 15 16 16.5 18 13.5
Pepsodent 19 21 22.5 22.5 30.5 13.5
K.P. Namboodiri 19 21 22.5 22.5 30.5 13.5
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 12 15 16.5 18 19 20
Meswak 11 13 15 17.5 17.5 15
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 9 14.5 20 20.5 22.5 15
Colgate advance 0 18 25 35 40 16
Table 10. Antibacterial activity of tooth pastes and tooth powders against cariogenic strain
MTLACVG100.
S. No. Test Dentifrices
Zone of inhibition (mm) at different concentration of
tooth paste and tooth powder
2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12%
Babool 0 13 14 20 22.5 0
Vicco 0 10 13 13 20 0
Dabur 0 12 15 17.5 24 0
Herbal JM powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyorea powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Himalaya herbal complete care 15.5 0 15 16.5 17 36.5
S.V. Namboodiri’s 0 15 15 19 25 0
Pepsodent 25 25 25.5 35.5 45 15
K.P. Namboodiri 0 12 15 15 17 0
Gopal powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Close up 0 15 15.5 20 20 0
Meswak 0 12.5 13 16.5 18 0
Injection powder 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cherriogel 13.5 15 20 20 21 0
Colgate advance 20 24 24 32 15 0
Vijayalakshmi, Rajasekar and Mohankumar
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN VITRO ANTICARIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIALLY EXISTING ANTICAVITY 473
Table 11. Tooth paste brands used in this study
S. No Brand Type Tooth Paste
1. Brand – A Conventional Colgate advance, Pepsodent germi check, Close up, Cherriogel.
2. Brand – B Herbal
Vicco, Dabur Red, Babool, Meswak, Himalaya herbal complete
care, K.P. Namboodiri and S.V. Namboodiri.
3. Brand - C Powder Gopal, Herbal JM, Pyorea and Injection
somewhat similar with dissimilar results was obtained in
case of Lactobacillus spp., this results are in accordance
with the results of (Sohail and Khan, 2013) they stated
that some tooth paste shows better antibacterial activity
against the ora and activity of tooth paste because of
active ingredients such as uoride.
The results regarding the brand B (Type – Herbal)
is Herbal based products and exhibited least effective-
ness as compared to other test formulations. The decay
pathogen shows maximum zone of inhibition against
ten cariogenic Lactobacillus acidophilus it exhibit better
results was shown in 8% and 10% concentration rather
than the lowest concentration (2%, 4% and 6%). This
may be due to the ingredients present, the herbal for-
mulation studied appeared to be equally effective as the
uoride formulations but not superior to them. Almas et
al., (2001) reported that the antimicrobial activity of the
herbs may be due to the presence of secondary metabo-
lites such as alkaloids, avonoids, polyphenols and lec-
tins. Using natural medicines to cure various diseases so,
hence herbal medicine had made signi cant contribu-
tion to modern medical practice.
Formulation brand C (Type – Tooth powder) include
some dentifrices are listed in (Table 11). Among 2% - 10%
concentration of tooth powders are strongly exhibit sig-
ni cant degree of resistant against ten cariogenic isolates
(MTLACVG02, MTLACVG06, MTLACVG17, MTLACVG36,
MTLACVG38, MTLACVG75, MTLACVG85, MTLACVG95,
MTLACVG97 and MTLACVG100) it shows there is no zone
of inhibition observed in all cariogenic isolates. Similarly,
Sohail and Khan, (2013) also stated that tooth powder for-
mulation is less effective to control the oral microorgan-
isms compare than other conventional and herbal tooth
paste formulations. The data obtained from the complete
investigation it had shown that tooth paste formula-
tions having more effective active ingredients to control
the oral micro ora whereas, herbal based products are
equally effective as the other formulations but not supe-
rior to them, whereas the tooth powder formulations was
100% less effective in controlling the oral ora.
CONCLUSION
The present study demonstrated that the antibacterial prop-
erties of fteen dentifrices used against the dental pathogen
and concluded that conventional tooth paste formulation
(Brand – A) has promising anticariogenic effects compare
than other formulations (Brand – B and Brand – C) to
some extent to bene t anti plaque action. Further study is
needed to determine the bioactive compounds which are
responsible for this anticariogenic activity.
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