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234 INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAJORTHALASSEMIA DISEASES BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Alireza Jafari Naimi et al.
INTRODUCTION
First time, in 1925, Thomas Cooley who was children
professor in Detroit, described this disease. Majorthalas-
semia diseases is an inherited blood disease which is
identi ed by producing abnormal hemoglobin products.
Major thalassemia in many countries is being considered
as serious risk for public health. Diagnosis and explana-
tion of oral, jaw and facial abnormalities in these patients
are dentists and oral disease professional’s tasks. Unfor-
tunately, there are few studies on effect of thalassemia
on anthropometric sizes. Clearly, in order to create more
accurate 3 dimensional descriptions from anthropometric
sizes abnormalities in thalassemia patients and to pro-
vide a general treatment there is needed to perform many
researches (Bassimitici 1996). Since bone marrow is main
and essential center for body hematopoiesis, thus during
anemia, this center is activated and make up anemia by
its activation. So due to increase of bone marrow activa-
tion slowly this hematopoiesis center is developed and its
size is increased. Since wide head and facial bones such as
maxilla all have the increase of activity in major thalas-
semia patients so, naturally, deformation of bones in this
area of head and face cause abnormalities in hard tissue
and consequently soft tissue (Karakas 2016).
One side effect of major thalassemia is increase of
upper jaw bone growth and also decrease of lower jaw
bone growth which nally leads to class two malocculo-
sion (Pakshir, Abu Alhaija 2002, Einy 2016).Thalassemia
syndromes are distinct group of hereditary hematopoie-
sis which their sign was disorder in globin chain produc-
tion (Amini et al, 2016).
A few studies have been performed, or at least
reported, on effect of thalassemia on three dimensional
growth of head and face so far. There are also different
reports on effect of thalassemia on hard tissue pro le
which can cause changes in soft tissue. Some research-
ers reported enlargement of upper jaw is due to over-
expansion of red bone marrow and increased bone vol-
ume which happen for making up healthy red globules
reduction. In contrast, some studies reported that this
disease reduces lower jaw growth. However, considering
different effects of thalassemia on upper jaw and lower
jaw and according to the relationship between changes
of hard tissue and soft tissue, this disease makes changes
in soft tissue pro le.
Based on popularity and increasing prevalence of
beta thalassemia, considering concerns for abnormal
anthropometric form of head and face and also for iden-
ti ed side effects and ethology of these disorders in these
sizes, and based on previous researches we performed a
study relationship between anthropometric sizes of head
and facial hard tissue with beta thalassemia and com-
pare differences of normal people in Iran professional
in rmary of adults thalassemia who were under treat-
ment and control group.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Population under study included patients aged 17-35
with major thalassemia who were referred to the Iran
adults professional in rmary and they were under treat-
ment. As there were some restrictions and some patients
did not participate, this research was performed by case
control method. Both group are similar considering
age, gender based on BMI entry standards. They were
attended to the examination after providing information
and taking their written consent. Case group included
30 patients with tallassemia (14 females and 16 males
with average age of 29/7±4/2 and 30 normal people (15
females and 15 males with average age of 23/7±3/4).
41 linear and angle indicator in facial area were
measured by Farkas method. Regarded landmarks were
marked with black oily pencil in order not to error hap-
pens in measurement. Applied landmarks in this study
were standard indicators which are used in standard
study of head and facial anthropometric.
In this paper, accurate anthropometric standard tools
made in Insize company from Austria were used for
measurements which has a metric strip, digital sliding
colpier with long jaws, digital coulisse, Digital hook
depth gauge, Digital protractor and level. Tools were cal-
ibrated and their accuracy was 0.01 mm and 0.01 degree.
In general comparison of both groups, in order to deter-
mine statistical difference, t test was applied ( gure 1).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The research was performed on 30 patients with major
thalassemia and 30 people in control group. Under study
population aged 17 to 35. Results are shown as below.
FIGURE 1. Digital sliding coliper with long jaws: A Dig-
ital sliding coliper : B