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BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF
EUCALYPTUS
AND GINGER 227
Samira Shahsiah et al.
at the presence of smear layer, anti-microbial properties
of lime was less than NaOCl while there was no differ-
ence between anti-microbial properties of lime skin and
NaOCl. Abdul Rahman et al in 2010 studied anti-micro-
bial and bio chemical properties of food avors in meat
products. In this experiment, Disk diffusion method was
used and it was indicated that cinnamon is the most
effective avor against all under studied micro-organ-
isms except micrococcusluteus. In addition, ginger had
anti-microbial activity against Enterococcus faecalis.
Gulve et al.,( 2010 )from India, managed study for
comparing invitro anti-microbial properties of ginger
concentrate 2% sodiumhypochlorite against Enterococ-
cus faecalis on 18 growth medium by Agar diffusion.
These two researchers observed that ginger concentrate
signi cantly avoid bacteria’s growth in compare to
sodiumhypochlorite. This study aimed at nding better
alternative for sodium hypochlorite as a relative ideal
root canal detergent. Thus, by aim of determining anti-
microbial properties of eucalyptus concentrate - ginger
concentrate- sodiumhypochlorite, and 5.25%– normal
saline against Enterococcus faecalis at presence of smear
layer in 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 millimeter depth of dentine
and comparing anti-microbial properties of eucalyptus
concentrate – ginger concentrate- sodiumhypochlorite
and 5.25% –normal saline in 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 millimeter
depth of dentine at presence of smear layer.At the fol-
lowing we will discuss materials and methods of col-
lecting data, and collecting samples. Then in section 3
we will explain research results and statistical tests, in
addition to results of the test and nally we explained
the conclusion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, in order to determining of eucalyptus con-
centrate – ginger concentrate - 5.25% sodium hypochlo-
rite- normal saline against enterococcus faecalis in 0.1,
0.2 and 0.3 milliliter depth from dentine at the presence
of smear layer.We selected 80 human teeth which were
withdrawn due to different diseases including periodon-
tal, orthodontia, dental corruption were selected from
therapeutical centers in Ahvaz. These single root teeth
have maxilar anseizure and mandible premolars. After
withdrawn of these teeth, tissues connected to outer
surface of root were separated with one court. Then in
order to disinfection of teeth surface, they put in 2.5%
sodium hypochlorite, and they were kept in steal normal
saline at the room temperature. Eucalyptus leaves, 70%
ethanol, dried rhizome of ginger, stilled water, stand-
ard strain of Enterococcus faecalis , growth medium BHI
Broth (Merck-Germany), growth medium of BHI Agar
(Merck-Germany), laboratory tube, microbial cultivation
plate, cotton, gloves, 15 milliliter falcon tube (Maxell-
China), sampler (Trasnferpette-Germany), head sampler,
5.25% sodium hypochlorite (Golrang-Iran), laboratory
Handpiece (NSK-Japan), coal disk, medin broach (Mani-
Japan), number 4Gates-Gliddendrills(Mani- Japan), nail
polish, aluminum foil, self-cure acryl (Acro Pars-Iran),
EDTA17% (Cerkamed-Poland), needlegauge 23.
In order to provide plant concentrate, maceration
method was used (Martos j, et al, 2013). For providing
detergent, dried concentrate obtained from freezer drier
were solve into stilled water slowly until a homogenous
solution. Mass concentration for ginger solution was
calculated equaled to gr/ml0.51and for eucalyptus con-
centrate solution equled to gr/ml0.57. then these deter-
gents were transferred to sanitary-therapeutic center in
Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz and then they were sterile ed
with X-ray (Shalaby E. A, 2011). Standard ndard strain
of 29212 ATCC
1
Enterococcus faecalis bacteria was pro-
vided from Pastor Institute of Iran in Tehran. Brain heart
infusion broth steal Growth medium (Merck-Germany)
was prepared and added into Lyophilizated in order to
solve it completely. Then it was cultivating on BHI Agar
growth medium (Merck-Germany) and they were incu-
bated in aerobiccondition in C°37 for 24 hours. Then
by biochemical tests for bacteria identi cation (smear
provision, PYR test, Bile esculin, Catalaz) we assured
from its purity. So 24 hours colonies provided fro,m
pure enterococcus faecalis. For providing bacteria sus-
pension, bacteria clonies were taken from solid growth
medium and solved in a tube with sterile BHI Broth and
then we obtained a suspension with turbidityMc farland
(cfu/ml 3×
Samples withdrawn from autoclave were opened
under laminar air ow hood and they were all inoculated
by 20-10 micro litter bacteria suspension of enterococcus
faecalis with strain 1 of Mc Farland (cfu/ml 3× except
negative control group. Then cylinders were covered
with a lid made from sterile aluminum paper and growth
medium with bacteria were added into each cylinder
every two days by sample (Trasnferpette-Germany) and
trough sterile head sampler. In negative control group,
sterile BHI Broth growth medium were added into teeth.
This was repeated 4 weeks for providing maximum pen-
etration of bacteria into dentinal tubules (Shabahang S
and Torabinejad M, 2003; Ahangari Z, et al, 2008) and
the samples were incubated in aerobiccondition and in
37
0
C.
When inoculation ended, I order to make sure of
micro-organisms penetration into dentinal tubules, 10
samples were randomly selected out of samples. Then
acrylic layer were removed from lumenof these sam-
ples and patterned by low speed and Gates Gilden
(Mani-Japan) number 5 (o.1 milliliter depth), Gates
1
American type culture collection