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Ramshid Tork-Zaban et al.
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS COMPARING FLUORIDE RELEASE IN PREVENTA AND ENAMEL PRO IN LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT 211
addition, 24
th
hour had highest release than 4
th
hour
(P<0.001) and less release than 72th hour (P<0.001).Two
sample t test (independent simples t-test) indicated that
in all times enamel- pro had higher level of release than
Preventa (P<0/001 in each 3 times).
Results of the study indicated that uoride release
level had signi cant change during the time either in
enamel pro or in Preventa (P<0.001 in both cases) and
in all times, enamel- pro had more uoride release level
than Preventa. Although in each study, both varnishes
have the same density of uoride but uoride release
level in different times indicated signi cant change
between two varnish. Based on results of this study, in
all times, enamel pro had more uoride release level
than Preventa. When uoride release level is more, it can
show more uoride absorption by tooth enamel (Comar
LP. Et al., 2014). Additionally, this difference can be due
to difference in resin transporters or applied additives by
producers which it may have effect on uoride release.
Another possibility is existence of ACP in enamel pro
combination.
In addition, in this study, uoride release has been
observed in rst hour of observation but in it was not
observed in case of preventa varnish (less than 1 ppm).
This nding was clinically very important because
in rst hour we had maximum varnish volume in
child mouth. On the other hand, preventa varnish had
increase of release in hours after 24
th
hour. According
to Cochrane studies and his colleagues in 2014 it is
illustrated that uoride varnish has short lifespan in the
mouth around 24 hours and it is washed due to tongue,
cheek, saliva and tooth brushing (Cochrane NJ., 2014).
So we can conclude that increase of uoride release level
is clinically not important after 24
th
hour in preventa
varnish.
In Cochrane studies and his colleagues in 2014, cal-
cium ion release, inorganic phosphate and uoride was
measured in MI, White varnishes and signi cant differ-
ences had been reported in uoride release in rst 24
th
hour in different varnishes (Cochrane NJ., 2014). How-
ever, in this study arti cial suliva and human tooth was
not used. Enamel Pro, Bi uorid 5, and Duraphat
In Jablonowski et al (2012) study uoride ion released
from uoride of Enamel Pro, Duraphat and varnish XT
uoride varnishes was studied. Results indicated that
in Enamel pro and varnish XT, uoride release cur-
vature was signi cantly different with Duraphat Van-
ish, and Enamel pro varnish in all time had highest
level of uoride release which was consistent with this
study.
In Ritwik et al study (2012) uoride level released
from Premiere Enamel pro, Premiere, Colgate PreviDent,
Omni Vanish, and Omni Vanish XT was compared in 48
years’ period. Obtained results indicated that curvature
of uoride release in each varnishes were signi cantly
different. Premier Enamel pro showed highest level of
uoride release after using each varnishes in all hours of
assessment which is compatible with our study.
In Bolis et al. (2015) uoride absorption rate was
compared with uoride release level inside saliva.
After 4 hours, highest absorption of uoride by enamel
in arti cial saliva was respectively in Fluor Protector
and Enamel Pro varnishes. Absorption of uoride had
no signi cant relation with uoride release in arti cial
saliva. MI Varnish had highest level of uoride release in
rst 4 hours (Ritwik 2012).in this study; enamel pro had
highest level of uoride release in 4
th
hour.
In Lipert (2014) study uoride released from uoride
sodium varnishes was measured under acidic condition.
Final result indicated that uoride release in different
varnishes dependent on decomposing factors had no
signi cant difference. Enamel Pro and Nupro had high-
est level of uoride release (Comar et al., 2014).
In Cochraneet al (2014) study uoride release level
was experimented in all products in experimental envi-
ronment from rst hour until reaching to 168
th
hour was
increasing. However, in Ritwik et al study (2012) uoride
release level was experimented in all products from rst
hour until 48 hours was decreasing. Researchers reported
that fastest uoride release was related to rst 7 hours
and then in rst week. This difference is due to varnish
transporter in Peventa product because transporter has
effect on uoride release (Ritwik 2012).
In this study, uoride release of enamel pro in 4
th
hour was the most and in 72th hour was the least and
had decreasing trend but in Preventa this level was least
in 4
th
hour and was most at 72th hour.As providers of
oral hygine cares this is our responsibility to identify
dentistry products and bene t patients. It is proved that
products supporting prevention of decay need to be
necessary part of total preventive treatment. Based on
results of the experimental study, both assessed products
are the best method for prevention of tooth decay how-
ever choosing need to be based on clinical signs of every
patient.Here, the question is whether enamel pro which
release more uoride is better? Directly it seems that
the more uoride releases the more uoride is available
for tooth enamel absorption. However, this needs broad
studies which speci cally measures uoride absorption
by tooth after using uoride varnish.
CONCLUSION
During the time, uoride release has had signi cant
change either in enamel pro or Preventa (P<0.001 in
both cases). In all times, enamel- pro had more uoride
release than Preventa.